Siger man kanel, tænker de fleste på det brune, velduftende krydderi vi kommer på risengrøden, og de tænker måske også på bagerens kanelsnegle, men kanel kan faktisk meget mere end at give bagerbrød og risengrød en eksotisk smag.
Kanel har været kendt og værdsat siden oldtiden. I Indien og andre dele af verden er kanel ikke en sæson-vare lige som i danmark, men indgår sammen med andre krydderier i hverdagsmaden. Ikke alene tilfører kanel god smag til maden, kanel er også et ældgammelt lægemiddel som blandt andet bidrager til en god fordøjelse – vel at mærke, når indtagelsen ikke overdrives.
Commission E
I Tyskland blev der i 1978 dannet den såkaldte Commission E som gennemgik sikkerhed og virkning af 380 urter til terapeutisk brug. Commission E anerkender kanels anvendelse mod milde mavesmerter, som appetitstimulerende middel og til at lindre fordøjelsesbesvær.
Effekt på mange slags mikroorganismer
Kanel modvirker også madforgiftning. Forskere ved Kansas State University har opdaget, at kanel dræber Coli-bakterier. Forskerne tilsatte ca. en million colibakterier til æblesaft samt en teskefuld kanel. Herefter fik kulturen lov at stå i tre dage. Da saften blev undersøgt opdagede forskerne, at 99,5 procent af colibakterierne var døde.
Kanelolie har vist svampehæmmende, antivirale, bakterie- og larvedræbende egenskaber. Blandt andet har forskning vist, at kanelolie er effektivt mod multiresistente stafylokokker samt en bakterie ved navn Bacillus cereus som forårsager fødevareforgiftning. Den findes naturligt i jorden, hvorfra den overføres til især vegetabilske fødevarer.
Kanel og blodsukker
I de senere år er kanel især blevet kendt for dets blodsukker-regulerende egenskaber. Forskning tyder på, at kanel muligvis vil kunne benyttes mod insulinresistens og type II (ikke-insulinkrævende) sukkersyge. I forsøg med mus og rotter har tilskud af kanel kunnet reetablere følsomheden over for insulin i deres fedtceller. Cellernes glukoseomsætning blev øget med faktor 20. Det skyldes kanelens indhold af Methyl-hydroxy-chalcon-polymer (MHCP) både påvirker cellernes insulinreceptorer og forstærker virkningen af insulin.
Forskning har vist, at indtagelse af risengrød tilsat 6 g kanel reducerer den stigning i blodsukkeret som følger efter et måltid, ligesom kanelen forsinker den tid det tager mavesækken at tømmes videre ud i tarmen, uden at det påvirker mæthedfølelsen.
Blod, fedt og kolesterol
Kanel har en mild anti-klumpende (blodfortyndende) effekt, og kan også sænke blodets indhold af triglycerider, LDL- og totalkolesterol.
Kanelsneglens hemmelighed
I en ikke offentliggjort undersøgelse fandt forskerne, at kanel-snifning resulterede i en forbedret hukommelse. Deltagerne klarede huskeopgaver bedst efter at have snuset til kanel i forhold til andre eller ingen dufte.
Noget længere væk fra den videnskabelige evidens kan vi præsentere den oplysning, at kanel også er et naturligt afrodisiakum, altså at krydderiet kan benyttes til at fremme den mandlige erektion. Det forlyder endvidere, at dronningen af Saba benyttede kanel til at forføre kong Salomon.
Hvor kommer kanel fra?
Kanel kommer fra inderbarken af kaneltræet (Cinnamomum), som er i familie med laurbærtræet. Kaneltræet trives kun i et tropisk klima. Inderbarken bankes løs, skæres fra og tørres, hvorved den ruller sig sammen til små rør – heraf navnet fra det latinske canna, som betyder rør. Når rullerne er helt tørre pulveriseres de til stødt kanel. Der findes flere beslægtede kanelarter, for eksempel den meget fine og aromatiske Sri Lanka-kanel som de fleste foretrækker og så er der Kina-kanel som er mere skarp i smagen.
Af mindre grene og blade udvindes også kanelolie som bruges mod bakterie- og svampeinfektioner. Det har også betændelseshæmmende og blodtrykssænkende egenskaber. Olien indgår også i mindre mængde i cremer og parfumer. Kanelblomsterne anvendes også som krydderi.
En teskefuld kanel indeholder 28 mg calcium, over et gram fiber, knap 1 mg jern samt vitamin C, K og mangan. Derudover indeholder kanel æteriske olier som bidrager med den markante smag og duft i form af eugenol og kanelaldehyd. Kanel indeholder også sukkerstof, mannit (et alkohol), garvestoffer og harpiks.
Opbevaring
Kanel opbevares bedst mørkt, tørt og koldt. Kanelruller kan holde 2-3 år, hvis de opbevares under optimale forhold. Stødt kanel mister hurtigere sine aromastoffer og holder derfor kun omkring et halvt år.
Dosering
Terapeutisk anvendes kanel mest sammen med andre urter. De foreløbige anbefalinger er på 1/4 – ½ teskefuld kanel daglig ved type II (ikke-insulinkrævende) sukkersyge. Til at sænke kolesterol og triglycerider skal dosis være på 1-3 g daglig.
Bivirkninger
Større doser kanel kan medføre bivirkninger hos nogle personer. De fleste uønskede reaktioner på kanel er hududslæt, eller anden hudirritation i mund- eller maveslimhinden. Store doser kanel taget i længere perioder kan ikke anbefales, idet indtaget af stoffet coumarin kan bliver for højt. Coumarin belaster leveren. Derfor anbefaler fødevaremyndigheder, at 2-årige børn højst får 0,3 g kanel på deres grød. Den skadelige virkning forsvinder dog efter ophør med indtagelse. Vælg kanel fra Sri Lanka som kun indeholder ganske lidt coumarin.
Mål og vægt
1/4 teske stødt kanel vejer ca. 0,5 g
Referencer:
Warnke PH, et al. The battle against multi-resistant strains: Renaissance of antimicrobial essential oils as a promising force to fight hospital-acquired infections. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2009;37(7):392–97
Anderson RA, et al. A hydroxychalcone derived from cinnamon functions as a mimetic for insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Am Coll Nutr 2001; 20(4): 327-36.
Anderson RA, et al. Isolation and characterization of polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with insulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52(1): 65-70.
Hlebowicz J, et al. Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(6): 1552-56.
Imparl-Radosevich J. et al. Regulation of PTP-1 and insulin receptor kinase by fractions from cinnamon: implications for cinnamon regulation of insulin signalling. Horm Res 1998; 50(3):177-82.
Kahn A, et al. Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(12): 3215-18.
Anderson, RA. Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2008;67(1):48-53.
Valero M, Salmeron MC. Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003; 85(1-2):73-81.
Zoladz P, Raudenbush B, Lilley S. Cinnamon perks performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences, held in Sarasota, FL, April 21-25, 2004.
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