Af Marianne Palm.
Artiklen er bragt i magasinet sund-forskning.dk – sensommer 2012
Synet er en meget vigtig sans og overordentlig kompleks. Lys omdannes i nethinden via kemiske reaktioner til elektriske impulser, der i hjernen bliver til et billede af omgivelserne. Som bekendt er visse lysfrekvenser i det ultraviolette område potentielt skadelige, og en af de vigtige opgaver, øjet må løse, er at undgå skader som følge af UV-stråling samtidig med, at der dannes et brugbart billede på nethinden. Antioxidantbeskyttelse er derfor nødvendig, og her spiller en række stoffer fra kosten en rolle – især lutein, der er et gult farvestof, som kommer fra grøntsager i vores kost, men også en vigtig antioxidant.
Lutein beskytter dine øjne
I øjet er lutein koncentreret i den gule plet (makula), et lille område af nethinden, der er ansvarlig for det centrale syn. Man antager, at det hjælper med at beskytte øjnene mod oxidativt stress fremkaldt af det energirige blå og ultraviolette lys.
Forskellige videnskabelige undersøgelser har vist, at der en direkte sammenhæng mellem indtagelsen af lutein og pigmenteringen i øjet.
AMD – øjensygdom når du ældes
Adskillige undersøgelser viser, at hvis den gule plet – makula – indeholder tilstrækkelig pigment, bl.a. lutein, nedsættes risikoen for øjensygdommen aldersrelateret makulær degeneration (AMD). Befolkningsundersøgelser har også vist en sammenhæng mellem lave plasmakoncentrationer af lutein og zeaxanthin (også en antioxidant), og en øget risiko for udvikling af AMD.
Der er foretaget et enkelt randomiseret klinisk forsøg for at undersøge luteins rolle i AMD. Forfatterne konkluderede, at synsevnen forbedres med lutein alene eller lutein sammen med andre næringsstoffer, men bemærker også, at flere undersøgelser er nødvendige.
Grå stær kan hindres med lutein
Grå stær er et andet synsproblem, hvor lutein spiller en rolle. Der er befolkningsundersøgelser, som viser, at øget lutein-indtag mindsker risikoen for at udvikle grå stær. En ny finsk undersøgelse publiceret i British Journal of Nutrition viste, at hos de personer, der havde det højeste niveau af lutein i kroppen, var risikoen for grå stær nedsat med 42 %.
De franske myndigheder er et skridt foran Der blev konstateret en klart øget modstandsdygtighed over for oxidation, når cellerne havde en god forsyning af lutein. De franske myndigheder har allerede for otte år siden godkendt, at man for produkter med lutein kan fortælle forbrugerne om deres antioxidantegenskaber og evne til at beskytte nethinden og linsen i øjet.
Der foretages i øjeblikket en stor videnskabelig undersøgelse (AREDS 2) for at konstatere, om tilskud af bl.a. lutein kan standse eller måske ligefrem få udviklingen af aldersrelateret degeneration af den gule plet til at gå den modsatte vej.
Det er i dag tilladt at tilsætte 20 mg lutein pr. dagsdosis, og i produktet Bellavista er lutein udvundet af den smukke haveblomst Tagetes. Ud over lutein giver Bellavista også fornuftige doser af andre stoffer med betydning for synet: A-, C- og Evitamin, riboflavin, kobber, zink og selen.
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