Et dagligt tilskud af hvad der svarer til 3 stk. Bio-Marin kapsler kan forbedre symptomer på mild til moderat depression hos ældre patienter, viser en ny videnskabelig undersøgelse.
De sociale og økonomiske omkostninger ved depression fortsætter med at stige. Flere videnskabelige undersøgelser har tidligere peget på en mulig sammenhæng mellem indtagelse af omega-3 fedtsyrer og depression. Denne sammenhæng har dog ikke været tilstrækkelig tydelig, når det gjaldt ældre med mild til moderat depression.
Om depression
Depression øger graden af hjælpeløshed og nedsætter livskvaliteten. Depression er i øvrigt heller ikke del af de normale aldersforandringer. Depression der opstår sent i livet har en tendens til enten at vende tilbage, når den først har indfundet sig eller at blive permanent med hvad det indebærer af akutbesøg eller indlæggelser samt dyr medicinering med risiko for medicinmisbrug. Derudover øger depression risikoen for anden sygdom.
Stor forskel på indtagelse af fisk verden over
Mange ældre over hele verden får kun mindre mængder af de livsvigtige Omega-3 fedtsyrer i deres kost. Alligevel er der stor forskel på, hvor stor indtagelsen af omega 3- fedtsyrer er verden over. Ifølge FAO er gennemsnitsindtagelse af fisk og skaldyr i de industrialiserede lande på 23 kg pr. person pr. år. I udviklingslandene ligger det tilsvarende tal på 13 kg. I Asien er tallet helt nede på 5 kg. I Iran er det 6,1 kg.
På denne baggrund blev der iværksat en randomiseret undersøgelse af indflydelsen af en lav dosis omega-3 fedtsyrer på 66 ældre iranere (> 65 år) der led af mild til moderat depression. Forsøgspersonerne måtte ikke tidligere have lidt af depression. De måtte heller ikke have spist fiskeolietilskud i 3 måneder før undersøgelsens start.
Den ene halvdel af forsøgsgruppen fik enten et gram fiskeolie om dagen, hvilket giver 300 mg af begge omega-3 fedtsyrer (EPA) og (DHA). Den anden halvdel fik placebo-kapsler (kokosolie). Undersøgelsen varede i seks måneder.
Mulig virkningsmekanisme
EPA menes at fungere ved at øge blodgennemstrømningen i kroppen. Det menes også at påvirke hormonerne og immunsystemet, som begge har en direkte effekt på hjernens funktion. DHA er involveret hjernens omdannelse af nervesignalstoffet serotonin, som er kendt for at beskytte mod depression.
Konklusion
Forskerne konkluderede, at en lav-dosis omega-3 fedtsyrer virker i behandlingen af mild til moderat depression hos ældre. Flere undersøgelser er dog nødvendige for at finde den bedst egnede dosering samt i hvor lang tid behandlingen skal pågå. Desuden bør kombinationsbehandling af omega-3 fedtsyrer med antidepressiv medicin i alderdommen også evalueres i fremtidige undersøgelser.
Ref.
Tajalizadekhoob Y. et al. The effect of low-dose omega 3 fatty acids on the treatment of mild to moderate depression in the elderly: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur Arch Psych Clin Neurosci. 2011.
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