Et forskerhold har netop offentliggjort en undersøgelse, som kæder øget indtag af en håndfuld vitaminer og mineraler i kosten sammen med en lavere risiko for at udvikle kræft i tyk- og endetarmen (colorectal cancer).
Af Bjørn Falck Madsen
Der er mange faktorer, der spiller ind i forbindelse med risikoen for at blive ramt af kræft i tyk- og endetarmen. For eksempel har en ny undersøgelse vist, at mænd med et stort indtag af højt forarbejdede fødevarer har næsten 30 pct. højere risiko for colorectal cancer end mænd med et lavt indtag af denne slags mad. Til gengæld ser det ud til, at visse vitaminer og mineraler i kosten kan mindske risikoen for at få denne kræftform, og den fordel ser ud til at gælde for begge køn. En helt ny undersøgelse, som er lavet i et samarbejde mellem iranske og belgiske forskere, viser, at et højt indtag af selen, zink, A-vitamin, C-vitamin, E-vitamin og mangan fra kosten mindsker risikoen for at få colorectal cancer.
En håndfuld beskyttende antioxidanter
Selve undersøgelsen er en spørgeskemaundersøgelse foretaget blandt hospitalspatienter. I alt medvirkede 207 patienter med colorectal cancer og 220 raske kontrolpersoner. Begge grupper skulle udfylde et spørgeskema med 168 spørgsmål om deres kostvaner. Da forskerne sammenlignede resultaterne fra skemaerne, kunne de konkludere, at den ovennævnte håndfuld antioxidanter i kosten har en signifikant reducerende effekt på risikoen for kræft i tyk- og endetarm.
Forskning med pillepræparat
Kritikere kan med god ret argumentere, at der kun er tale om en spørgeskemaundersøgelse og ikke en interventionsundersøgelse, hvor forskerne sammenligner et præparat, der indeholder de nævnte stoffer, med snydepiller. Men faktisk har italienske forskere med Luigina Bonelli i spidsen i tidligere forsøg kigget på, hvordan et præparat med disse antioxidanter virker mod såkaldte colorectal-polypper eller adenomer, som er et forstadium til tyk- og endetarmskræft. Forsøget blev udført på 411 patienter, som tidligere havde fået fjernet colorectal-polypper kirurgisk. Halvdelen af dem fik snydepiller. Den anden halvdel fik præparatet Bio-Selen + Zink, som indeholder selen, zink, samt vitaminerne A, B6, C og E.
40 pct. reduktion af risiko
Efter fire år var antallet af patienter, som fik nye adenomer, reduceret med 40 pct. i den aktive behandlingsgruppe sammenlignet med kontrolgruppen, der fik placebo. Forskerne sammenlignede 15 år senere de to grupper og kunne konstatere, at der fortsat var 39 pct. reduceret risiko for nye adenomer hos dem, der havde taget tabletterne med selen og zink. Præparatet havde med andre ord en langtidsbeskyttende effekt.
Kilde: Clinical Nutrition, ESPEN, september 2022
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