Engelsk navn: Chinese Magnolia Vine
Kinesisk navn: Wu Wei Zi
Familie: Schisandraceae
Droge: Frugt
Beskrivelse
Flerårig, træagtig slyngplante med modsatte ovale til runde, dybgrønne, savtakkede blade, cremefarvet blomster. En plante producerer enten han‑ eller hunblomster. Planter af begge køn skal gro i nærheden af hinanden, for at de kan bære frugt. Frugten er skinnende rød, saftig og olieholdig. Schisandra chinensis foretrækker fugtig, næringsrig skovbund og trives i kolde egne.
Aktiveindholdsstoffer
Di-benzo-cyclo-octan lignaner kaldet schizandriner og gomisiner. Indeholder desuden triterpensyrer, triterpen lactoner, æteriske olier, citronsyre, C- og E-vitaminer.(1, 2)
Farmakologi
Leverbeskyttende: Schisandra chinensis virker leverbeskyttende og reducerer enzymer i blodet fra ødelagte leverceller. Lignanerne fremmer leverens glykogen- og protein syntese, fremmer kemikalienedbrydende enzymer (bl.a. P450), beskytter imod leverødelæggelse forårsaget af tetraklorkulstof (muligvis ved at hæmme peroxidation af fedtcellerne i leverens cellemembraner).(3)
Fremmer formeringen af hepatocytter og fremskynder normal leverfunktion efter delvis fjernelse af levervæv.(4)
Et syntetisk fremstillet lignan, DDB , anvendes i Kina som leverbeskyttende medicin, der normaliserer leverfunktionen uden bivirkninger(8).
Schisandra chinensis nedsætter risikoen for halotahne (bedøvelses-middel) forårsaget leverskade(9),
Gomisin A fremmer overlevelsesevnen og serum transaminase niveauet i hamstere med immunologisk provokeret akut leverinsufficiens. Histiologiske forandringer blev mere normale(10),
Gomisin A kan muligvis forebygge mod immunologisk provokeret akut leverinsufficiens(11).
Antioxidant effekt: Gomisin A hæmmer lipidoxidation(5), er mere antioxidant end vitamin E (i samme koncentration)(6), hæmmer nedsat membrantransport i leverens mikrosomer forårsaget af kemiske stoffer(6), og stabiliserer rotte hepatocyt membraner in vitro under oxidativ stress(7).
Schisanhenol og schisandrin B beskytter mod oxidativ stress i rottehjerner in vitro. Schisanhenol yder den stærkeste effekt og andre forsøg har bekræftet lignanernes stærkt antioxiderende virkning(21, 22).
Fremmer mentale funktioner: Til trods for at visse lignaner har en hæmmende virkning på det centrale nervesystem,(12, 13) virker Schisandra chinensis ekstrakt stimulerende på det centrale nervesystem, fremmer koncentrationen og koordinationen, fremmer også hørelsen og synet og hjælper på natteblindhed(1). Drogen fremmer desuden indlæringsevnen og modvirker depression (i mus).(1, 14)
Adaptogen: Schisandra chinensis fremmer modstandskraften mod stress og sygdomme og fremmer den fysiske udholdenhed. Urten øger mængden af forplantningsceller i både mænd og kvinder.(15, 16)
Cancer forebyggende: Gomisin A hæmmer stimuleringen af hudkræft i mus, muligvis ved at hæmme inflammation(17), hæmmer stimulering af levercancer i rotter (svag effekt)(18), og hæmmer skabelsen af cancer i rottelever. Denne effekt skyldes sandsynligvis fremmelsen af normal leverfunktion og normalisering af celledeling(19). Gomisin A fremmer udskillelsen af kræftfremkaldende stoffer fra leveren og hæmmer cytokinese(20).
Schisanhenol beskytter mod bivirkniger fra adriamycin (skader mitokondrierne i hjertet) i rotter(23), men hæmmer ikke samtidig adriamycins anticancer effekt(24).
Luftvejene: Schisandra chinensis stimulerer åndedrættet, er slimdrivende og modvirker hoste.(1)
Livmoderen: Schisandra chinensis stimulerer livmoderens sammentrækninger.(1)
Egenskaber
Leverbeskyttende, stimulerer leverens evne til at nedbryde giftstoffer, nervestyrkende, styrkende (adaptogen), modvirker hoste.
Traditionelle egenskaber:
Beskyttende og varmende. Virker styrkende på nyrene. Anvendes i Kina i behandlingen af hoste og astmatisk vejrtrækning, nattesved, sengevædning, kronisk diarrè, søvnløshed, “dårlige nerver” og dårlig hukommelse, tab af kropsvæsker med efterfølgende tørst, spontan perspiration og nattesved.(25)
Indikationer
- Leveren: Akutte og kroniske leversygdomme, (især hepatitis), leversygdomme forårsaget af kemikalier. Anvendes i behandlingen af en underaktiv lever med nedsat evne til af nedbryde giftstoffer.
- Mentale funktioner: Schisandra chinensis fremmer de mentale funktioner, fysiske evner og sanseopfattelsen. Hjælper mod depression.
- Nervesygdomme: Anvendes i behandlingen af nervesygdomme. Milde kramper og lammelse efter blodprop. Parkinson sygdom, cerebellar ataxia. Menieres syndrom. Psykose, “dårlige nerver”, stress(1). Anvendes i behandlingen af udmattelse med nattesved.
- Adaptogen: Stress, mental og fysisk udmattelse, vedvarende sygdom, ufrugtbarhed, cancer-forebyggelse.
- Fødsel: Anvendes som støttemiddel under fødslen, tre doseringer (en time imellem) for at fremme livmoderens sammentrækninger.(1)
Kontraindikationer
Schisandra chinensis bør normalt ikke anvendes under svangerskab, undtagen under selve fødslen.
Bivirkninger
Ingen bivirkninger ved anbefalet dosering.
Toksicitet
Ingen giftvirkninger ved anbefalet dosering.
Dosering
Tørret droge: 0,5‑5 g tre gange daglig.(25) Ekstrakt (1:2) i 45% alkohol: 25‑60 ml ugentlig.(25)
Kombinationsforslag
Schisandra chinensis kan blandes med Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum og Bupleurum falcatum i behandlingen af leversygdomme, og med Bacopa monniera.
Referencer
1. Chang, H M og But, PP: Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, Vol. 1, World Scientific, Singapore (1987) 2. Tang, w and Eisenbrand, G: Chinese Drugs and Plant Origin, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1992) 3. Hikino, H and Kiso Y: Natural Products for Liver Diseases in Wagner H et al, (eds) Economic and Medicinal Plant Research, Vol. 2, Academic Press (1988) 4. Kubo, S: Planta Medica 58, 489 (1992) 5. Yamada, S et al: Biochem Pharmacol 46, 1081, (1993) 6. Lu, H and Liu, G T: Planta Medica 58, 311 (1992) 7. Zhang, T M et al: Chung-Kao Yao Li Hsueh Pao, 13, 255 (1992) 8. Li, X Y: Memorias do Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, 86, 31 (1991) 9. Jiaxiang N et al: J Appl toxicol, 13, 385 (1993) 10. Mizoguchi et al: Planta Medica 57, 11 (1991) 11. Mizoguchi et al: Planta Medica 57, 320 (1991) 12. Li, L N: Abst Chin Med, 3, 414, (1989) 13. Zhang, L and Niu, X: Chung-Kuo i Hsueh Yuan Hsueh Pao, 13, 13 (1991) 14. Hancke, J L et al: Planta Medica, 52, 542 (1986) 15. Fulder, S: The Root of Being, Hutchinson and Co, London (1980) 16. Peng, G R et al: Shanghaj J Trad Med, p.43 (1989) in Abst Chin Med 3, 157, (1989) 17. Yasukawa K et al: Oncology 49, 68 (1992) 18. Miyamoto K et al: Jap J Pharmacol 57, 71 (1991) 19. Momura M et al: Anticancer Res, 14, 1967 (1994) 20. Ohtaki, Y et al: Biol Pharmaceut Bull, 17, 808, (1994) 21. Xue, J Y et al: Free Radical Biol Med, 12, 127, (1992) 22. Lin T. J. et al: Biomed Environ Sci, 5, 57 , (1992) 23. Lin T. J. et al: Biochem Pharmacol, 42, 1805, (1991) 24. Lin T. J. et al: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178, 207 (1991) 25. Bone, K.: Chinese and Ayurvedic Herbs, MediHerb Seminar, Warwick: MediHerb (1995)
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