Vidste du – om knogleskørhed?

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Af Rikke Agersted
Artiklen blev bragt i magasinet sund-forskning.dk – vinter 2013

 

At kosten er afgørende?  

Man kan forebygge udviklingen af osteoporose gennem en sund kost livet igennem. Ligesom mange andre sygdomme grundlægges kimen til knogleskørhed i barndommen, og det er derfor vigtigt, at børn til dagligt har en sund livsstil med masser af vitale fødevarer, bevægelse samt begrænset indtag af slik, kager, chips, saft og sodavand og fast food. Generelt for alle indeholder den knoglevenlige kost masser af grøntsager, frugt, hele korn, kerner, frø, nødder og lignende sunde fødevarer. Kosten skal helst være så ubearbejdet som muligt, og man bør derfor lægge vægten på de grove fuldkornsprodukter og friske grøntsager. Fisk og sunde fedtstoffer er ligeledes vigtige, ligesom vand bør være hovedkilden til at slukke tørsten i. Langvarig te drikning på ca. 1/2 l pr. dag ser dog ud til at beskytte knoglerne mod afkalkning. En meget syredannende kost med meget kød og mange mælkeprodukter forbruger mere kalk på vej gennem fordøjelsesprocessen end en mere balanceret kost. Der findes mange bøger om kostens indholdsstoffer, som er gode til inspiration, hvis man vil vide, hvilke fødevarer der indeholder mange af de knogleopbyggende stoffer.

 

At sukker og kaffe nedbryder knoglerne?

Kaffe, sodavand, sukker og alkohol bør holdes på et minimum. Kaffe forbruger både kalk og magnesium på vej gennem fordøjelsessystemet. Sukker kan optage pladsen for vitaminer og mineraler i kroppen og dermed være med til at skabe en ubalance. For eksempel kan et stort sukkerindtag mindske optagelsen af D-vitamin og calcium. En halv liter cola indeholder, hvad der svarer til 25 sukkerknalder og er maksimum grænsen for, hvor meget sukker et barn op til 15 år må indtage dagligt ifølge Fødevarestyrelsen. Kulsyre, som findes i sodavand og mineralvand, har en afkalkende effekt, og fosforsyren i cola menes at forstyrre calciumstofskiftet og er dermed en ekstra faktor til afkalkning af knoglerne.

 

At fordøjelsen ikke altid kan optage de gode stoffer?

Mennesker med fordøjelsesproblemer kan ikke altid optage og udnytte de gode stoffer i maden. Derfor bør man aldrig negligere sygdomme eller ubalancer i mavetarmsystemet, men søge hjælp hos for eksempel en biopat eller naturopath for at genskabe balancen, hvis der opstår problemer. Tager man naturlægemidler eller kosttilskud for at forebygge osteoporose, kan en dårlig fordøjelse hindre en effektiv optagelse, så man ikke udnytter de gode tilskud. Både over- og undervægt kan være medvirkende årsager til udviklingen af knogleskørhed.

 

At kroppen selv regulerer knogleopbygningen?

Osteoblaster er knogleopbyggende celler, som genopbygger knoglens bindevæv, for at mineralerne kan sætte sig fast. Osteoclaster er knoglenedbrydende celler, som nedbryder collagen i knoglecellen og opløser knoglens mineralske matrix. Disse to typer knogleceller samarbejder konstant for at vedligeholde knoglemassen og holde den modstandsdygtig over for frakturer. Opstår der en ubalance i kommunikationsvejen mellem cellerne, kan resultatet blive en større nedbrydning og dermed afkalkning end genopbygning. Det er desuden vigtigt, at der er nok af de knogleopbyggende vitaminer og mineraler til stede i kroppen for at osteoblasterne har de rette byggesten til genopbygningsarbejdet.

 

At kvinder er i farezonen?

Osteoporose er en af de sygdomme, som særligt kvinder lider under, da hormonerne har en rolle i udviklingen af den. Fra omkring 25 – 30 års alderen begynder knoglerne at nedbryde calcium. Mænd mister ca. 1/5 % knoglemasse årligt mod ca. 1 % for kvindernes vedkommende. I overgangsalderen stopper æggestokkene med at producere østrogen, som har en betydning for knoglernes tilstand, og denne hormonelle forandring kan resultere i et øget knogletab på helt op til 6 % årligt. Østrogen dannes også i fedtvævet, og undervægtige kvinder vil derfor være i farezonen for at udvikle sygdommen, selvom de ikke har nået overgangsalderen.

 

At osteoporose kan være arveligt?

Selvom der er gener, som disponerer for knogleskørhed, kan man stadig forebygge gennem kost, motion og en sund livsstil. Et godt tilskud som Osteoremin Forte, der fordrer alle de vigtige knogleopbyggende stoffer i den rigtige kvalitet, kan her også have sin berettigelse. at calcium ikke er nok? Calcium er vigtigt for knogleopbygningen, men kan ikke optages, uden at der også ermagnesium, K-vitamin og D-vitamin til stede i kroppen. Almindeligt calciumtilskud kan ikke hindre afkalkningen i forbindelse med sygdommen knogleskørhed, men tilskud kan hæmme afkalkningsprocessen. Algeacal er den eneste type calcium, som rent faktisk kan øge knoglemassen ved indtagelse. Denne type calcium findes udelukkende i produktet Osteoremin Forte på det danske marked, og det er videnskabeligt dokumenteret, at produktet kan øge knoglemassen med ca. 3,5% årligt, hvilket er en stor hjælp for dem, der lider af osteoporose.

 

At knogleopbyggende celler skal bruge D-vitamin?

D-vitamin er en forudsætning for, at kalk og fosfor kan optages fra kosten gennem tyndtarmen, og det har desuden en aktiverende effekt på proteinet osteocalcin, som har betydning for knoglevævets struktur. Da det kun er i sommerhalvåret, vi får nok D-vitamin fra solen, er mange nødt til at tage et ekstra D-vitamintilskud i vinterhalvåret. D3-vitamin er den mest effektive form for D-vitamin til at højne D-vitaminindholdet i blodet.

 

At motion giver stærke knogler?

Det er helt afgørende for knoglesundheden, at man motionerer regelmæssigt hele livet igennem. Faktisk kan meget motion øge knogletæt-heden med 4 % årligt, og det kan være en vigtig forskel for dem, der er i farezonen for at udvikle osteoporose, eller som allerede lider af sygdommen. Al motion er godt, men det er formentlig den vægtbærende motion, der giver mest i forhold til knoglerne. Elite-idræt kan sænke østrogenproduktionen i kroppen hos kvinder med menstruationsophør til følge. I så tilfælde stiger risikoen for knogleskørhed på lige fod med kvinder efter overgangsalderen.

 

At forskellige sygdomme kan udvikle knogleskørhed?

Forskellige kroniske sygdomme kan medføre et øget knogletab og kan derfor berettige til at tage et kosttilskud som Osteoremin Forte for at forebygge knogleskørhed. Det er sygdomme som forhøjet stofskifte, Cushings syndrom, Morbus Crohn og andre tarmsygdomme med kronisk betændelse, leddegigt, Morbus Bechterew, nyresygdomme, KOL, anoreksi, dårlig fødeoptagelse (malabsorbtion) og nerve- eller muskelsygdomme med lammelser eller nedsat muskelkraft. Længerevarende prednisolonbehandling (binyrebarkhormon) kan nedsætte knoglemængden og dermed medføre knogleskørhed.

 

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