Et område af hud på størrelse med en enkrone indeholder ca. tre millioner celler, et hundrede svedkirtler, halvtreds nerve ender, tre fod blodkar og næsten lige så mange lymfekar.
Hele dette område bliver påvirket og influeret ved anvendelse af vand. Når man har en skade – en smertende ryg, en forstuvning eller en forstrækning – kan det være forvirrende at beslutte om man skal anvende kulde eller varme.
Varme er lindrende, forårsager sved, virker beroligende og afslappende såvel som stimulerer hjerterytmen, kredsløbet, blodtrykket, og (afhængig af varigheden) stofskiftet. Kulde stimulerer, nedsætter smerte og betændelse, sammentrækker blodkarrene såvel som pirrer immunsystemet og hæmmer stofskiftet. En god generel regel at følge: hvis det berørte område er varmt og betændt, så anvend kulde; hvis det er koldt ved berøring, så anvend varme; hvis tvivl så anvend kulde. En ny eller frisk skade? Anvend kulde.
Dr. Howard Adelglass, en klinisk instruktør i restaurerende medicin ved New York Universitets Skole for medicin, anbefaler øjeblikkelig anvendelse af kulde mod skader, derefter hver fjerde time i et kvarter i to til tre dage. Derefter anvendes varme, hvis området stadig er ømt eller stift. Ræsonnementet bag det at bruge varme eller kulde har at gøre med blod-gennemstrømningen. Efter en skade, bliver de beskadigede blodkar betændte og foranlediger intern eller ekstern blødning. Kulde trækker karrene sammen, reducerer blodgennem-strømningen og nedsætter nervernes ledeevne og dulmer smerte; det nedsætter også kroppens betændelsesreaktion. Efter adskillige dage, omtrent 48 timer senere, når blodkarrene i det beskadigede område er normaliserede og risikoen for blødning og hævelse er aftaget, så anvend varme, hvilket stimulerer blodgennemstrømningen, hjælper med at løsne stive muskler og fremskynder helbredelsesprocessen.
En metode til anvendelse
Omslag er en enkel og nem måde at overføre varme og kulde. Håndklæder, bomuld, linned eller gazebind kan fugtes ved at dyppe det i varmt eller koldt vand. Vrid klædet og fold det, så det passer til den del af kroppen, der skal behandles, så dækkes med en tør uld eller bomuldsklud. Gelépakninger, der sælges på apotekerne, kan også bruges til at overføre både varme og kulde; de anbringes i fryseren og bruges som is eller koges i vand eller mikrobølgeovn til anvendelse med varme. Varmepuder eller varmtvandsflasker er også anvendelige. Til kolde omslag af ispakninger, kan man bruge plasticposer indeholdende isterninger, ja selv frosne pakker med ærter eller majs kan bruges; vikl posen eller pakningen ind i et håndklæde, før det placeres på huden, idet is anbragt direkte på huden kan fremkalde et brandsår. At dyppe håndklædet først vil sætte det berørte område i stand til at blive koldt hurtigere.
I almindelighed kan varme omslag beholdes længere på, 5 til 30 minutter er tilstrækkeligt afhængig af temperaturen. For en mere effektiv og stimulerende behandling kan de veksles med kolde omslag, idet man begynder og slutter med det varme omslag. Dette bevirker vekslende udvidelse og sammentrækning, hvilket forøger antallet af hvide blodlegemer i området og derfor er effektivt ved akut og kronisk blodoverfyldning og betændelse. Kolde omslag er normalt af kort varighed fra mindre end et minut eller indtil pakningen ikke længere føles kold. Anvend aldrig et koldt omslag til en kold kropslegemsdel; opvarm området først eller tag et varmt bad før anvendelse. Folk med hjertekarsygdomme og nyreproblemer, sukkersyge, lymfeødemer eller lammelse og som er svækkede bør undgå ekstrem varme eller kulde eller søge lægens hjælp. Den helbredende effekt af vand er så nær ved som din vandhane eller fryser !
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