Tang er en overset plante

tang camilla amira blog

 

Af Camilla Amira Nielsen, www.dengrønneomstilling.dk

 

Tang er en god kilde til vitaminer, antioxidanter, salte, proteiner, fedtsyrer og forskellige mineraler som kalk, jern, magnesium, natrium, jod og meget mere. Tang er i gennemsnittet 10-100 gange sundere end et stykke frugt, og indeholder blandt andet 10-20 gange så mange mineraler som grøntsager dyrket på land. De nyttige stoffer vi optager ved at spise fisk, stammer alle fra algerne, fordi de er en del af fødekæden. Men selvom tang har et højt indhold af mineraler, ophober de ikke tungmetaller og giftstoffer i samme grad som fiskene gør. Dette er blot en af grundene til at spise det.

 

Særlige stoffer i tang

I forbindelse med bekæmpelse af kræft er fucoidan interessant -et ekstrakt af brun- og rødalger. Forskning har vist, at fucoidan slår kræftceller ihjel, samt at alginsyre fra algerne kan reducere kroppens belastning af radioaktive stoffer. Steroler fra planter, svampe og tang har en positiv effekt på kroppen, i modsætning til steroler fra animalske produkter. De kan være belastende for hjerte-karsystemet og foranledige åreforkalkning og hjerteanfald. Men fucosterol fra tang kan medvirke til at sænke indholdet af frit og bundet cholesterol i blodbanen. Nyere forskning har også klarlagt, at tang-sterolerne har en speciel effekt på vores lipidmembraner, og de har vist at visse steroler som bl.a. fucosterol i mindre grad, er med til at gøre membranerne mekanisk stive, så de kan bevare membranerne i en flydende tilstand, som er forudsætning for biologisk aktivitet.

Tang er en gammel nordisk fællesbetegnelse for planter der vokser i havet. Men tang er store alger (makro alger – dem som kan ses uden mikroskop), og alger er noget helt for sig selv. Tang er ikke rigtige planter, men flercellede alger – makroalger. Den tang vi finder i Danmark, og den vi bruger til madlavning, kan opdeles i brunalger, rødalger og grønalger. Der findes omkring 8.000 arter af tang i verden, og kun 70 af dem bruges i større mængder til madlavningen.

 

Tang har mange brugsområder

Tang bruges til desuden til papirfremstilling, dyrefoder, gødning, kompost, biogas, jordforbedring, dyrkningsmedie for bakteriekulturer, til maling, medicin og meget mere. Sukkertang anvendes også som råvare til alkoholfremstilling og kosmetikindustrien. 500 g sukkertang er nok til at fremstille 1 liter tangsherry på 15 %.

Man bruger også tang som tilsætningsstof i fødevare. Tilsætningsstoffer der fremstilles af tang er alginat, agar, furcellaren og carrageenan, som udvindes af brune- og røde alger. Tilsætningsstoffer fra tang er mærket med E-400 til E-405 (Alginater) samt E-406 (Agar) og E-407 (Carrageenan). Alginat, agar og carrageenan er komplekse polysaccharider, som har en enestående evne til at binde vand. En god agar kan f.eks. binde mere end 99 % vand. Nogle carrageenaner er gode til at binde proteiner, og de benyttes derfor til at tykne mejeriprodukter. Det er blandt andet fortykningsmidler som tilsættes i flødeis, tandpasta, budding, ost m.m.

 

Vær obs på jodindholdet i tang

Ingen af de danske tangarter er giftige, men nogle arter har et højt indhold af jod, uorganisk arsen og naturlige giftstoffer som kainsyre, der blandt andet kan give hjerneskader. Derfor er der mange arter, som ikke må spises i store mængder. Typerne arame, wakame, kombu, fingertang, bladtang og sukkertang (brunalger) har et højt indhold af jod, og det kan i større mængder være skadeligt for folk med bestemte sygdomme i skjoldbruskkirtlen, samt mindre børn, gravide og ammende.

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